Super Tuesday for dummies

What follows is an attempt, to the best of my abilities, to demistify the Super Tuesday primaries/caucuses which will be held Wednesday our time. Those with a better understanding of these matters are invited to scrutinise my work for errors or significant omissions.

The Democratic candidate will be chosen by 4049 delegates at the party’s national convention from August 25-28. This includes 796 “superdelegates” who attend by virtue of holding senior party positions, and who are not pledged to particular candidates. By the reckoning of the 2008 Democratic Convention Watch blog, 198 superdelegates have declared their intention to support Hillary Clinton against 107 for Barack Obama, with 415 undeclared. The six primaries and caucuses that have been held so far have chosen 63 delegates pledged to Obama, 48 to Clinton and 26 to John Edwards, who has since withdrawn. The Super Tuesday primaries and caucuses will determine 1688 of the remaining 3253, representing 22 states along with American Samoa and “Democrats Abroad”.

In most cases a state’s pledged delegates are awarded by a two-tier system of proportional representation. Slightly over a quarter are allocated proportionately to the statewide vote, with candidates needing to clear a 15 per cent threshold to win representation. A little over half are tied to congressional districts, with each choosing between three and six delegates depending on the district’s party turnout at recent elections. The effect is similar to Australian upper house systems in which a limited number of members are chosen from each state or region, reducing the proportionality of the overall result by locking out the smaller players. States variously conduct primaries or caucuses, the salient difference being that the latter do not provide a secret ballot. These can be “open” (all voters may participate regardless of party registration), “closed” (only voters registered with the party may participate) or “semi-open” (voters may participate regardless of party registration, but only in one party’s primary or the other).

Poll averages listed below are calculated from results listed at Electoral-Vote.com. The numbers in brackets show the number of polls from which the average was determined. A small number of polls with an unusually high undecided vote have been deemed untrustworthy and excluded.

CALIFORNIA
Semi-open primary
370 tied delegates: 129 by statewide PR, 241 by district-level PR
71 superdelegates
Fortnight poll average (9): Clinton 45/Obama 39

NEW YORK
Closed primary
232 tied delegates:81 by statewide PR, 151 by district-level PR
49 superdelegates
Fortnight poll average (6): Clinton 52/Obama 32

ILLINOIS
Open primary
153 tied delegates: 53 by statewide PR, 100 by district-level PR
32 superdelegates
Fortnight poll average (2): Obama 56/Clinton 32

NEW JERSEY
Semi-open primary
107 tied delegates: 37 by statewide PR, 70 by district-level PR
20 superdelegates
Fortnight poll average (6): Clinton 48/Obama 38

MASSACHUSETTS
Semi-open primary
93 tied delegates: 32 by statewide PR, 61 by district-level PR
28 superdelegates
Fortnight poll average (3): Clinton 53/Obama 31

GEORGIA
Open primary
87 tied delegates: 30 by statewide PR, 57 by district-level PR
16 superdelegates
Fortnight poll average (5): Obama 50/Clinton 39

MINNESOTA
Open caucuses
72 tied delegates: 25 by statewide PR, 47 by district-level PR
16 superdelegates
Fortnight poll average (1): Clinton 40/Obama 33

MISSOURI
Open primary
72 tied delegates: 25 by statewide PR, 47 by district-level PR
16 superdelegates
Fortnight poll average (7): Clinton 45/Obama 37

TENNESSEE
Open primary
68 tied delegates: 24 by statewide PR, 44 by district-level PR
17 superdelegates
Fortnight poll average (4): Clinton 50/Obama 32

COLORADO
Closed caucuses
55 tied delegates: statewide PR
15 superdelegates
Fortnight poll average (1): Clinton 32/Obama 34

ARIZONA
Closed primary
56 tied delegates: 19 by statewide PR, 37 by district-level PR
11 superdelegates
Fortnight poll average (3): Clinton 42/Obama 36

CONNECTICUT
Closed primary
48 tied delegates: 17 by statewide PR, 31 by district-level PR
12 superdelegates
Fortnight poll average (3): Clinton 44/Obama 41

ALABAMA
Open primary
52 tied delegates: 18 by statewide PR, 34 by district-level PR
8 superdelegates
Fortnight poll average (5): Clinton 43/Obama 37

ARKANSAS
Open primary
35 tied delegates: 13 by statewide PR, 22 by district-level PR
12 superdelegates
No poll available

OKLAHOMA
Closed primary
38 tied delegates: 13 by statewide PR, 25 by district-level PR
9 superdelegates
Fortnight poll average (1): Clinton 44/Obama 19

KANSAS
Closed caucuses
32 tied delegates: district-level PR
9 superdelegates
Fortnight poll average (1): Clinton 27/Obama 22

NEW MEXICO
Closed primary
26 tied delegates: 9 by statewide PR, 17 by district-level PR
12 superdelegates
No poll available

UTAH
Semi-open primary
23 tied delegates: 8 by statewide PR, 15 by district-level PR
6 superdelegates
Fortnight poll average (1): Obama 53/Clinton 29

DELAWARE
Closed primary
15 tied delegates: 5 by statewide PR, 10 by district-level PR
8 superdelegates
Fortnight poll average (1): Clinton 44/Obama 42

IDAHO
Open caucuses
18 tied delegates: district-level PR
5 superdelegates
No poll available

NORTH DAKOTA
Closed primary
13 tied delegates: statewide PR
8 superdelegates
No poll available

ALASKA
Closed caucuses
13 tied delegates: statewide PR
5 superdelegates
No poll available

The Republican candidate will be chosen at the convention to be held from September 1-4 by 2380 delegates, including 1917 who are pledged to particular candidates and 463 who are unpledged (not normally referred to as “superdelegates” in the Republican case, but essentially the same thing). Super Tuesday will see 1014 pledged delegates chosen from 21 states. The eight states which have held primaries and caucuses so far have chosen 95 delegates pledged to John McCain, 85 to Mitt Romney, 26 to Mike Huckabee and six to Ron Paul. A further two unpledged delegates are committed to support McCain, seven to Romney and three to Huckabee. The Republicans make life easier for election watchers by allocating a number of states’ delegates on a winner-takes-all basis, while other states operate similarly to the normal Democratic practice. Poll averages shown below from New York and New Jersey have been limited to the past week to account for the withdrawal of Rudi Giuliani, who has thrown his support behind John McCain. If anyone can explain to me in reasonably simple language how the Colorado, Minnesota and Alaska caucuses work, I shall be most grateful.

CALIFORNIA
Closed primary
170 tied delegates: 11 to statewide winner, 159 to district winners
3 unpledged RNC delegates
Fortnight poll average (10): McCain 36/Romney 30/Huckabee 13/Paul 5

NEW YORK
Closed primary
101 tied delegates: winner takes all
Week poll average (4): McCain 54/Romney 25/Huckabee 7/Paul 5

GEORGIA
Open primary
69 tied delegates: 33 to statewide winner, 39 to district winners
3 unpledged RNC delegates
Fortnight poll average (4): McCain 29/Romney 26/Huckabee 25/Paul 7

ILLINOIS
Open primary
57 tied delegates: District-level PR (3 to 6 per district)
10 unpledged statewide delegates
3 unpledged RNC delegates
Fortnight poll average (2): McCain 41/Romney 30/Huckabee 10/Paul 7

MISSOURI
Open primary
58 tied delegates: winner takes all
Fortnight poll average (6): McCain 31/Huckabee 28/Romney 24/Paul 5

TENNESSEE
Open primary
52 tied delegates: 12 by statewide PR, 27 by district-level PR (3 per district)
3 unpledged RNC delegates
Fortnight poll average (4): McCain 30/Huckabee 26/Romney 22/Paul 7

ARIZONA
Closed primary
50 tied delegates: winner takes all
3 unpledged RNC delegates
Fortnight poll average (1): McCain 46/Romney 27/Huckabee 9/Paul 3

NEW JERSEY
Semi-open primary
52 tied delegates: winner takes all
Week poll average (5): McCain 49/Romney 26/Huckabee 7/Paul 5

ALABAMA
Open primary
45 tied delegates: 24 by statewide PR, 21 by district-level PR (3 per district)
3 unpledged RNC delegates
Fortnight poll average (6): McCain 34/Huckabee 30/Romney 17/Paul 4

COLORADO
Closed caucuses
43 tied delegates
3 unpledged RNC delegates
Fortnight poll average (1): Romney 43/McCain 24/Huckabee 17/Paul 5

MASSACHUSETTS
Semi-open primary
40 tied delegates: 10 by statewide PR, 30 by district-level PR (3 per district)
3 unpledged RNC delegates
Fortnight poll average (3): Romney 54/McCain 29/Huckabee 6/Paul 3

OKLAHOMA
Closed primary
38 tied delegates: 23 by statewide PR, 15 to district winners
3 unpledged RNC delegates
Fortnight poll average (1): McCain 37/Huckabee 28/Romney 19/Paul 6

MINNESOTA
Open caucuses
38 tied delegates
3 unpledged RNC delegates
Fortnight poll average (1): McCain 41/Huckabee 22/Romney 17/Paul 5

UTAH
Closed primary
36 tied delegates: winner takes all
Fortnight poll average (1): Romney 84/McCain 4

ARKANSAS
Open primary
31 tied delegates: 19 by statewide PR, 12 by district-level PR (3 per district)
3 unpledged RNC delegates
No poll available

WEST VIRGINIA
Closed caucus
18 tied delegates: winner takes all, run-off (i.e. preferential) voting
9 tied to May 13 primary
3 unpledged RNC delegates
No poll available

CONNECTICUT
Closed primary
27 tied delegates: winner takes all
3 unpledged RNC delegates
Fortnight poll average (3): McCain 46/Romney 27/Huckabee 9/Paul 3

ALASKA
Closed caucuses
26 tied delegates
3 unpledged RNC delegates
No poll available

NORTH DAKOTA
Open caucuses
23 tied delegates: statewide PR
3 unpledged RNC delegates
No poll available

MONTANA
Closed caucuses
25 tied delegates: winner takes all
No poll available

DELAWARE
Closed primary
15 tied delegates: winner takes all
3 unpledged RNC delegates
Fortnight poll average (1): McCain 41/Romney 35/Huckabee 7/Paul 5

UPDATE: News Limited blogger Paul Colgan has a very useful aggregation of links on the subject. Like it or not, the definitive entry comes from Fox News.

Author: William Bowe

William Bowe is a Perth-based election analyst and occasional teacher of political science. His blog, The Poll Bludger, has existed in one form or another since 2004, and is one of the most heavily trafficked websites on Australian politics.

225 comments on “Super Tuesday for dummies”

Comments Page 4 of 5
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  1. Dyno “They elected George twice – therefore no reason to think McCain is unelectable. ” One reason for not getting hopes up. However, I would point out the smashing the GOP received at the mid term (2006) vote. Agree with you about Reagan. I don’t think he could take any other position on iraq now.

  2. Ron, those voter blocks will start to look a lot different after the nominee is chosen. I suspect the Republicans are lying low on Obama cause they want him to win, just as many Democrats would prefer McCain to lose, as he is their strongest player.
    And ironically it looks like he is going to win and I wonder at that, do the voters know best after all, considering that his campaign was a white wash a few months ago?
    KR, it looks like it is going to be a really exciting ride for the Democrat nominee over the next few months, may the best person to beat the Republicans win! Thank goodness the ALP won our election, else this would be really, really agonizing! ( Still just feel relieved constantly…….:) )

  3. Agree FG, the head-to-head polls are only a rough guide at this stage.
    Although I wouldn’t write off McCain, you’d have to think the Dems should be significantly favoured to win this, whoever is running for them.

  4. 148
    Aussieguru01

    I don’t have any ‘it’ to take eslewhere! At least not as far as GG is concerned.

    Engaging with moronic abusers is of no interest to me, and I was more than comfortable seeing the last one get slapped by William for a being a repeat offender.

  5. fair point Ferny

    the sleeper issue for McCain facing any Democrat is that he is more right than Bush in being ‘pro life’ and anti abortion

    Whilst the religious blocks are very strong in the US , I suspect McCain’s zero abortion under any circumstances will favour the Democrats
    under any circumstances

  6. 149
    Dyno

    What I was trying to convey there Dyno was the whole mythology of Reagan stands on a couple of pillars, one is the myth that he somehow improved the US economy by slashing taxes (while running the budget into deficit). In other words, the utterly ham-fisted ‘tax cut’, “look at me, I’m a re-run of Reagan”, which Bush has foistered on them, is now looking like a nasty bait and switch.

    The upper decile of earners got the bait and the rest of them got the switch.

    This mantra of supply side economics is all but worn threadbare, and even some serious conservatives must be looking in horror at what Bush has bequeathed them. McCain can hug Reagan all he likes, but I think the mystic is wearing thin, and independents will be more sceptical of a recipe which they are seeing fail (big time), right before their eyes.

    That’s what I was trying to say in shorthand.

  7. Someone said McCain would be smarter than George W which is true but only just. George W has an IQ (lets not quibble about using IQ as a measure of intelligence) of about 127, which is actually much the same as almost all the candidates who are 120-130. There are a couple higher with McCain, Obama, Paul and Richardson in the low 130s and the highest (not surprisingly IMHO) being Hillary at 140.

  8. ah, that should be “mystique” and not “mystic”, but then again, considering Nancy’s proclivities, maybe ‘mystic’ is not that far wrong! LOL

  9. 159
    Diogenes

    ha ha! By that system the Evil Genius would win every vote! (Oh, except Evil Geniuses almost never enter elections! Damn!)

  10. With trepidation Diogenes given your undoubted qualifications in this area , but IQ’s you quoted made George Bush close to Obama, Paul and Richardson on IQ

    which makes me believe commonsense of which bush would appear to have a minus in is unrelated to IQ ?

  11. Bruce Shapiro as I thought I heard it on Philip. California tech voting system broken. Correction welcome if I fail to report accurately.

    Reverting to pencil and paper.

    Hanging chads scenario.

    This, of all States.

    Darryl. Obama did speak well. Try YouTube for even more elevating speeches..look for ‘Yes, we can’.

    Bear in mind, though, that elevating speeches do not necessarily move the turgid from their self imposed immersion in muddied flats, or even quicksand.

  12. 157 KR,
    Don’t underestimate the electoral power of low taxes. There’s a lot of people who take the attitude that they can spend their own money better than the Government can. (I might even be one of them!)

  13. Should add that George W really does have that IQ. His SAT certificate from Yale is on the internet somewhere. The Washington Post published it. The scores are 566 (of 800) for verbal and 625 (of 800) for Math. This equates to an IQ of 127. I’m not surprised verbal was less than math.

  14. Clinton vs Obama latest California Polls

    California SurveyUSA Feb. 3 53% 41%
    California SurveyUSA Feb. 4 52% 42%
    California Zogby……. Feb. 3 40% 46%
    California Zogby……. Feb. 4 36% 49%

    One strongly for clinton and one strongly for Obama
    One Pollster will be embarassed

  15. It is all about the character of the individual.

    Mohammed could steal your money on the street.
    Agnew could steal your money from an office.

    Who ya gonna call.

  16. 167
    Dyno

    Believe me, I know what you mean! LOL

    However in the US context it’s almost like the Civil War never finished, not just between the North and the South, but the whole idea of a Federal Government is anathema to so many who are either state parochials or outright anarchists. I don’t get the feeling we have anything like this intensity here, and judging from their loopiest exponents, we don’t get the violent seccessionists who want to leave ANY system of taxation and central government.

    The whole Reagan myth, like it’s religious component, panders shamelessly to these ignorant folk, who see government as some impediment to society, and not the very glue that holds it together.

  17. Same old, same old, but no swallowing.

    Good news sport fans, the Zimmer frame is in the shed, alas for maintenance.

    The bad news, ABC FC Report on the good ship lollypop for all day suckers.

    Hilly Silly Willy says ‘We must resume our leadership of the world’. Oh dear…the PNAC lifeline…off the bow…

    Hussein says ‘We must show more care & thought on “exiting” Iraq than entering’…the PNAC lifeline…off the stern…

    This is choice…the dog, it’s mine, here, f*ck it (Sorry ESJ, bitsa) & while you’re at it, b*gger me gently.

    & some senior citizen McSame says ‘there will be more wars’ & ‘sprints’ clear ‘on’ the other side. Ah, such pace.

    Seriously, they just don’t get it. Lilly pads forever.

    Hey Diogenes, from my diagnosis I’ve concluded he’s nuts and a clear & present danger, as they say in the jungle. Can confirm?

    It could be worse; saw Kerry eat Brendan; he did chew but didn’t swallow; just spat; will Superman get the same treatment?

    Hey KR what orifice don’t you get up round here? I see the horse is now naying at your nether. Or, there abouts. Smacked the pony, ay?

  18. 142
    Robert Bollard

    Enjoyable post, thanks.

    (Apart from one dreary exception, the quality of this board has improved immeasurably since a certain badmouth got the boot.)

  19. Dyno politically you are right.

    Howard tried it in 07 as its an historical election winner
    expecting Labor as per history not to offer tax cuts but to spend the equivalent on social issues etc and lose

    Kevin07 did not take the bait…of course economically those tax cuts are a problem but guess its better to be in power to fix the economics than be pure in opposition

  20. KR @172,
    Agree with you that the US has more than its fair share of loonies. Put it this way, more people have been attacking McCain for being too left than for being too right so far in this campaign.
    On the role of government, I actually don’t see it an an impediment, or as the “glue …”. Somewhere in between the two, in my view.

  21. 174
    codger

    Love it!

    just don’t go changin’, you hear?

    I think the Billy Bo Jangles did the slappin’, which was ironic, what?

    If the arse-end of the horse snorts too much, he’ll be needing a change of costume, what would you recommend?

    I just lurv gittin’ up the dullwads or-e-fiss, gives ’em a frill!

  22. I’ve just read an opinion article on the NYT site titled “Yes, You Can Dance to It”. The article is basically rubbishing the recent YouTube Yes We Can video (posted 3 days ago and already viewed more than 1.2 times). Now given that this is The New York Times, a paper that has endorsed Hillary, and according to the polls – representing a pro-Hillary community (Hillary ahead by 18%) – one would expect a balanced or even pro-Hillary commentary on the article from the public. Instead – and this is the interesting bit – the vast majority of comments are pro-Obama (some are really impressive), several opposing the NYT bias, and only a couple pro-Hillary or supporting of the article.

  23. 177
    Possum Comitatus

    ROFLOL!

    Gotta admit, you have one hell of a point there Possum, but instead of delivering the entire country to the point of Deliverance, maybe improving the standard of said governance would be a step in the right direction!

  24. 178
    Dyno

    yeah, attacking McCain as a ‘lefty’ is so friggin’ bizarre, it makes me wince to think of where their heads are at!

    As for the ‘glue’, well I offer you the Kenyan elections…

    (you get my point, we’d be shooting each other in the street within days without a collective sense of government which we can change in a civilised fashion, and hopefully get some good done from, even occasionally!)

  25. codger- I posted on the last thread that 49% of POTUS had a diagnosable mental illness, with 27% exhibiting signs during their term enough to affect them. I’ll repost an article from earlier.

    There is a great article comparing levels of psychopathology on 291 world famous men. The groups were (including a % of severe psychopathology using DSMIIIR); scientists (18%), composers (31%), politicians (17%), artists (37%), thinkers (26%) and writers (46%).

    Reference: Brit J Psychiatry (1994), 165, 22-34.

    Listing all the politicians in terms of severity;

    None: Briand, Franco, Gandhi, Metternich, Smuts, Stresemann, Thiers

    Mild: Asquith, Ben Gurion, Bethmann-Hollweg, Garibaldi, Lenin, Mao-Zedong, Masaryk, Mazzini, Nkrumah, Poincare, FD Roosevelt, Sun-Yat-Sen

    Moderate: Adenauer, Cavour, Chiang Kai-Sek, Churchill, Clemenceau, Gambetta, Gladstone, De Gaulle, Lloyd George, Mussolini, Nasser, Nehru, Palmerston, Parnell, Peel, Peron, Pilsudsky, Stalin, Venizelos

    Severe: Bismarck, Bulow, Disraeli, Hitler, Ataturk, Lincoln, O’Connell, Woodrow Wilson.

  26. Davidoff

    “fair & balanced” Fox news believe the NYT is ‘left’ biased

    now we have ‘left of left’ biased vs ‘right of left’ bias

    no wonder hip hop took off

  27. But it’s just not as much fun that way KR, and it’s damn hard to place the idea of “competent government administration and policy development” into grand messianic narratives involving lots of rugged individualist types overcoming the adversity of Armageddon in the backwoods of Montana :mrgreen:

  28. 183
    davidoff

    Zino!

    We knew that!

    But hey, not bad for something which has been posted for a day! Crikey, if all those youtubers (sounds like some strange cloning vegetable in the garden) actually leave their computers long enough to vote…

  29. Possum #177 From the mouths of lunatics half-truths often emerge.

    As an example of the sort of left/right semi-convergence this can lead to – Gore Vidal struck up an interesting relationship with the Oklahoma bomber on the basis of a realisation that there was an underlying, albeit twisted, logic to his motivation. And IMHO you can’t do much better than Vidal for a starting point for understanding the American Republic. He has no answers – no solutions. But he comes from the heart of the ruling elite and dissects it with the honesty of an artist. A great anatomist if no physician.

  30. 187
    Possum Comitatus

    Except when it end like Waco there’s a tendency for the mythology to be self-perpetuating.

    Maybe the nutters have a point. (But is it worth getting immolated for, ah, there’s the question!)

  31. New polls out today,

    Seems absolutely nobody has a clue as to who is going to win California. About 50-50 in all – I think one poll had Obama winning by 6?

    If a published poll is, for example, at 47-45, does that (in the US) mean the missing percentage are undecided? Or those who are voting for a withdrawn candidate (such as Edwards) anyway?

  32. 184 KR,
    Sense of government and respect for the rule of law and the constitution – yes it is a big part of the glue.
    Government itself – only maybe.

  33. Max , I don’t understand the huge variances

    Clinton vs Obama LATEST California Polls

    California SurveyUSA Feb. 3 53% 41%
    California SurveyUSA Feb. 4 52% 42%
    California Zogby……. Feb. 3 40% 46%
    California Zogby……. Feb. 4 36% 49%

  34. Must go to bed now. Gong Xi Fa Cai! Chinese New Year tomorrow, which means that I have to transport the family to the other side of the city at noon and spend the whole afternoon and evening with my Chinese in-laws. Great food, but Christ I’ll be stressing out for some info re the results.

  35. 193
    Dyno

    One is the ideal, for which we all like to claim we aspire, while the other is the actuality, which sure, ain’t the former, but it’s what we have. Either live with it, improve it, or we descend into anarchy (with racoon skin caps!)

  36. Ron… I can only assume they ask slightly different questions? I’d say one of the two companies are going to look pretty stupid come end of polling, but chances are the result will be somewhere in the middle…

    RCP average has Obama up by 1.2… which, when considering margin of error, is probably post accurate.

  37. The shadow thats cast for the home of capitalism is the strengh of the dollar
    is the basis of their consumerism & living standards

    which is only strong whilstever the Arab oil richs are sold uin US dollars AND the Chinese but US dollars from the US Treasury at approx 1 billion a day

    the ultimate irony …the pagan Arabs and the communist Chinese are US saviours

    ….for the moment

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