The Call of the Board wheel now turns to Western Australia, after previous instalments that probed into the federal election results for Sydney (here and here), regional New South Wales, Melbourne, regional Victoria, south-east Queensland and regional Queensland.
Western Australia has been disappointing federal Labor ever since Kim Beazley elevated the party’s vote in his home state in 1998 and 2001, and this time was no exception. After an unprecedented Labor landslide at the 2017 state election and expectations the state’s economic malaise would sour voters on the government, the May election in fact produced a statewide two-party swing of 0.9% to the Coalition, and no change on the existing configuration of 11 seats for the Liberals and five for Labor.
As illustrated by the maps below (click on the images to enlarge), which record the two-party swings at booth level, Perth typified the national trend in that Labor gained in inner urban areas, regardless of their political complexion, while copping a hit in the outer suburbs. This will be reflected in the seat-by-seat commentary below, which regularly invokes the shorthand of “inner urban” and “outer urban” effects. The map on the left is limited to seats that are clearly within the Perth metropolitan area, while the second adds the fringe seats of Pearce (north), Hasluck (east) and Canning (south).
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For further illustration, the table below compares each electorate’s two-party result (the numbers shown are Labor’s) with a corresponding two-party Senate measure, which was derived from the AEC’s files recording the preference order of each ballot paper (with votes that did not preference either Labor or Liberal excluded). This potentially offers a pointer as to how much candidate factors affected the lower house results.
Brand (Labor 6.7%; 4.8% swing to Liberal): Like so many other suburban seats distant from central business districts across the land, Brand recorded a solid swing to the Liberals after going strongly the other way in 2016. This dynamic drowned out whatever impact candidate factors may have had: Labor’s Madeleine King picked up a 7.7% swing on debut in 2016, but this time copped a 4.8% reversal despite theoretically being in line for a sophomore surge. The Senate result was little different from the House, further suggesting candidate factors were not much of a feature.
Burt (Labor 5.0%; 2.1% swing to Liberal): On its creation in 2016, Burt recorded a swing to Labor of 13.2%, the biggest of the election. This partly reflected the dramatic boomtime suburban growth that had caused the seat to be created in the first place, and which has since ground to a halt. The Liberals swing of 2.1% this time was typical for suburbia outside the inner urban zone, overwhelming any sophomore effect for the seat’s inaugural member, Matt Keogh. However, Keogh very substantially outperformed the two-party Senate metric.
Canning (Liberal 11.6%; 4.8% swing to Liberal): Covering Perth’s outer southern fringes, Canning was another seat that typified outer suburbia in swinging heavily to the Liberals, in this case to the advantage of Andrew Hastie. Hastie came to the seat at a by-election held a week after Malcolm Turnbull’s rise to the prime ministership in September 2015, at which he survived a 6.6% swing to Labor, most of which stuck at the federal election the following July. The swing in his favour this time has returned the Liberal margin to the peaks of 2013.
Cowan (Labor 0.9%; 0.2% swing to Labor): Anne Aly gained Cowan for Labor in 2016 by a margin of 0.7%, slightly less than she would have needed to hold out the 0.9% statewide swing had it been uniform. She was in fact able to boost her margin by 0.2%, in a seat slightly out of the range of the wealthier inner urban areas where Labor did best in swing terms. The disparity between the House result and the two-party Senate metric, which records a 1.5% advantage for the Liberals, suggests Aly can take much of the credit for her win, over and above the exercise of the sophomore surge effect.
Curtin (Liberal 14.3%; 6.4% swing to Labor): The most prestigious Liberal seat in the west had a complicated story to tell at this election: Julie Bishop retired after more than two decades as member; the party raised some eyebrows locally by endorsing a Christian conservative, Celia Hammond, despite the seat’s small-l liberal complexion; and Labor initially endorsed former Fremantle MP Melissa Parke, who shortly withdrew after copping static over contentious pronouncements about Israel. An independent, Louise Stewart, held out some promise of harnessing support from Malcolm Turnbull loyalists, but her campaign was torpedoed after polling she circulated showing her well placed to win proved to be fabricated. Stewart claimed to have been the victim of a trick, while the Liberal response to the episode betrayed a certain inconsistency in attitude towards the dissemination of fraudulent documents for political purposes. The loss of Bishop’s personal support and the broader inner urban effect were evident on the scoreboard, with the Liberals down 11.3% on the primary vote and 6.4% on two-party preferred. The Greens continue to fall just shy of edging Labor into second – this time they trailed 17.6% to 15.6% on the primary vote and 20.4% to 19.6% at the last preference exclusion. Louise Stewart finished a distant fourth with 7.8%.
Durack (Liberal 14.8%; 3.7% swing to Liberal): When she first came to the seat covering northern Western Australia in 2013, Melissa Price had to fight off the Nationals, over whom she prevailed by 4.0%. However, she has since gone undisturbed over two elections as the Nationals have fallen to earth. The applecart was upset slightly on this occasion by the entry of One Nation, who scored 9.5%, contributing to respective drops of 4.3% and 5.8% for Labor and the Nationals, while Price’s primary vote rose 2.6%.
Forrest (Liberal 14.6%; 2.0% swing to Liberal): Nola Marino was re-elected with a modest swing amid a generally uneventful result. One Nation and Shooters Fishers and Farmers were in the field this time whereas the Nationals were not, but this was rather academic as the primary votes for all concerned were inside 6%.
Fremantle (Labor 6.9%; 0.6% swing to Liberal): The scoreline in Fremantle was not particularly interesting, with little change on two-party preferred, and downward primary vote movements for the established parties that reflected only a larger field of candidates. However, the results map illustrates particularly noteworthy geographic variation, with the area around Fremantle proper swinging to Labor in line with the inner urban effect, while the less fashionable suburbia that constitutes the electorate’s southern half went the other way (a pattern maintained across the boundary with Brand, where there was a 4.6% swing in favour of the Liberals). Labor member Josh Wilson was in line for a sophomore surge effect, although this was not his first bid for re-election thanks to a Section 44 by-election in July 2018, which passed without incident in the absence of a Liberal candidate.
Hasluck (Liberal 5.2%; 3.2% swing to Liberal): The Liberals’ most marginal Western Australian seat going into the election, Hasluck delivered Labor a particularly dispiriting defeat, with Ken Wyatt securing the biggest margin of his four election career. The swing reflected the general outer urban effect, although Labor did manage to pick up a few swings around relatively affluent Kalamunda.
Moore (Liberal 11.7%; 0.6% swing to Liberal): This northern suburbs beachside electorate is affluent enough to be safe Liberal, but not fashionable enough to have partaken in the inner urban effect. Third term member Ian Goodenough picked up a very slight swing, as the primary vote told a familiar story of the three established parties all being slightly down amid a larger field of candidates.
O’Connor (Liberal 14.5%; 0.6% swing to Labor): Covering the southern part of regional Western Australia, O’Connor was held by the Nationals for a term after Tony Crook unseated Wilson Tuckey in 2010, but Rick Wilson narrowly recovered it for the Liberals when Crook bowed out after a term in 2013, and the Nationals have not troubled him since. One Nation entered the race this time, but managed only a modest 8.4%.
Pearce (Liberal 7.5%; 3.9% swing to Liberal): Among the many Liberal scalps that went unclaimed by Labor was that of Christian Porter, who emerged the beneficiary of the outer urban effect after being widely written off in the wake of the state election landslide and the coup against Malcolm Turnbull. One Nation landed a fairly solid 8.2%, contributing to a solid 5.2% primary vote slump for Labor.
Perth (Labor 4.9%; 1.6% swing to Labor): One of Labor’s few reliable seats in the west, Perth has undergone frequent personnel changes since Stephen Smith retired in 2013, with Alannah MacTiernan bowing out to return to state politics in 2016, and her successor Tim Hammond failing to make it through a full term. This complicates sophomore surge considerations for current member Patrick Gorman, who retained the seat without Liberal opposition at a by-election in July last year. The swing in his favour reflected the inner urban effect, but he also managed to outperform Labor’s two-part Senate metric for the seat.
Stirling (Liberal 5.6%; 0.5% swing to Labor): In a once marginal seat that looked increasingly secure for the Liberals after Michael Keenan gained it in 2004, this election loomed as a litmus test of how secure the party would look when stripped of his personal vote. The results were encouraging for the party, with new candidate Vince Connelly suffering only a slight swing. The results map suggests a pattern in which the beachside suburbs and areas near the city swung to Labor, while the unfashionable area around Balga at the centre of the electorate went the other way.
Swan (Liberal 2.7%; 0.9% swing to Labor): Together with Pearce and Hasluck, Swan was one of three seats in Labor’s firing line, but Steve Irons was able to secure a fifth successive win in what has traditionally been a knife-edge seat. This was despite the pedigree of Labor candidate Hannah Beazley, whose father Kim Beazley held the seat from 1980 to 1996, when he jumped ship for Brand. The results map tells a family story in that the affluent western end of the electorate swung to Labor, while the lower income suburbs in the east went the other way.
Tangney (Liberal 11.5%; 0.4% swing to Liberal): Liberal sophomore Ben Morton held his ground in this safe Liberal seat, despite the riverside suburbia of Applecross and Attadale partaking of the inner urban effect. He gained 4.8% on the primary vote in the absence of former member Dennis Jensen, who polled 11.9% as an independent in 2016 after being defeated by Morton for preselection.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2019/11/03/mulvaney-allies-lead-stonewall-against-democrats-impeachment-inquiry/
Firefox
If you are a green party member you need to not only worry about people realizing the Greens have little relevance beyond being an anti Labor party; you need to worry that people who can no longer vote Liberal because of what they have become, get over the Union thing and start voting Labor because they just want the Liberals gone. Because of government funding, first preference matter.
ML, in my experience, the people who used the ‘skilled migration’ option from wealthy countries have been less than stellar. It stands to reason, if they were stellar, they wouldn’t need to migrate.
If they originated from third world countries, they were generally very good. Unfortunately, this sort of migration can be considered reverse foreign aid. These poor countries trained them and we snatch them before the poor country gets a payback for the training they provided.
Always good to hear from Parramatta Moderate (last night).
I would add that in the US, only 46% of Democrats identify as liberal. 39% moderates. 14% conservative.
I would also add that it is important for a political party to show leadership, not just flap in the breeze. Climate change may not resonate with all ALP supporters yet it will will cause adverse effects on everyone – especially those who have less wealth and power. The ALP should stick to strong carbon emissions reduction policies AND should listen to their traditional voters on how such policies will effect them.
Planning on continuing to lie about Labor on your Greens facebook pages, Firefox, just like the Coalition do, but in their own way?
Firefox @ #43 Monday, November 4th, 2019 – 8:54 am
Straw Man. I was talking about the Anti Labor agit prop and diatribes posted every day. Some from as long ago as 10 years+ when Labor were last in power federally, from obviously biased sources, like New Matilda and other Greens and Socialist-aligned writers.
If you dare question it you get a mouthful of snark and more anti Labor posts. When you question whether you should be posting as feverishly about the Coalition you get, ‘same same duopoly’, when it’s quite obvious, to even the casual observer, that Labor and the Coalition are poles apart on the issues that matter to The Greens. Or you get, ‘but we all know how bad the Coalition are’. When, what is needed is as constant an attack on them as they employ on Labor and The Greens. Just for that thing called ‘balance’, you know?
Also, I also preference The Greens above just about everyone else in the Senate at every election bar HEMP & Animal Justice and I can’t see it changing because The Greens up here are nice people. Some a bit kooky, who I encounter at LEAN.
Now, as you come from the Ballina area, what do you think about Janelle Saffin? You can’t get much more Labor Left than her. And, yes, I know she represents Lismore.
Here’s a rural/regional issue that very badly needs cleaning up.
The political problem is that (a) Aussies don’t seem to be all that fussed about foreigners being bastardized in the labour market and that (b) these people can’t vote.
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-11-04/working-in-australia-for-$3-an-hour-on-working-holiday-visa/11661846
How come Bourke got 90mm and we only got 12mm? Not fair.
#WeatheronPB.
Barty’s personality is similar to Goolagong Cawley’s – both great champs, who don’t carry on. I guess it’s only a matter of time before the press attempts to deride her (Barty). When Cawley lost, it was oft said that she went “walkabout”.
https://www.news.com.au/sport/tennis/wta-finals-2019-ash-bartys-jawdropping-64m-windfall/news-story/d3c56a0e04fc60326a701bfd5e2bc6a2
‘fess,
The Dems could probably go back to the staff that were around during the ‘Javelin Missiles’ era if OMB is stonewalling for the crim POTUS.
Mavis,
I also remember the media deriding Evonne Goolagong for marrying a White Englishman, Roger Cawley. Racist Scumbags.
Stubble burning, plus the rest:
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-11-04/indias-capital-new-dehli-reaches-unbearable-levels-of-pollution/11668054
How I see it: the Greens might not be anti-Labor – but the thrust of their arguments tend to come in the form of ‘unconstructive criticism’ that appears to be combative.
Instead of looking at a Labor policy and saying “This doesn’t go far enough as far as the Greens are concerned” they instead bellow … “this is no good!”
So it LOOKS like they are off side with policies they fundamentally would support and the media just love it – the points of differentiation appear as points of friction and that stimulates clicks. And the Labor warriors rail at the unfairness of the Greens’ criticisms … more friction.
And the media response is also what ‘low information’ voters latch onto. “Fight, fight!” And then, instead of discussing policy … it becomes personal.
I see it here on a daily basis.
Fairfax/2Gb’s Steve Price goes friendly with Ralph Bright about stem cells treatment.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gQxZja5TSU
SMH reports on Dr Bright’s unopposed striking off for his stem cell work including a coroner’s finding from 2016.
https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/surgeon-banned-over-quack-procedures-and-reckless-disregard-for-safety-20191103-p536zf.html
strike off decision
https://www.caselaw.nsw.gov.au/decision/5dba2f93e4b0ab0bf6073702
Boerwar:
[‘How come Bourke got 90mm and we only got 12mm? Not fair.’]
Morrison would suggest that it’s a matter for the big daddy in the sky.
Has there been even the smallest criticism of Barty in the MSM?
I haven’t seen any.
She seems to be an extremely rare person: a normal person tennis champion.
Boerwar @ #50 Monday, November 4th, 2019 – 9:04 am
The angry Self Funded Retirees will be out in the streets protesting!
Marise Payne was right to criticise the Chinese govt for its human rights abuses last week.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/11/03/china-every-day-is-kristallnacht/?arc404=true
I wonder how many Jewish people speak up for the Muslim Uighers?
Shellbell
Thanks. I had not seen this form of language before, ‘agitating a complaint’. What happened to ‘raise’ a complaint?
‘As we explain below, we find each of the complaints agitated against the practitioner are proved.’
C@tmomma @ #59 Monday, November 4th, 2019 – 6:16 am
True. That would be Rex Tillerson as CoS IIRC.
C@tmomma:
[‘I also remember the media deriding Evonne Goolagong for marrying a White Englishman…’]
Yes, the ’70s were quite racist. But they’re still together, living in Noosa.
‘C@tmomma says:
Monday, November 4, 2019 at 9:23 am
I wonder how many Jewish people speak up for the Muslim Uighers?’
This is consistent with one part of the definition of anti-semitism as accepted by the UN Commission on Human Rights but not endorsed by the Australian Government.
There is some implicit stuff in your construction but basically the construct seems to be that Jews have, for one or other spurious reason, a different set of expectations on them because they are Jews.
We could test the thinking here by casually wondering how many Terra del Fuegans speak up for Uighers.
Good Morning
I see the anti Green regulars are at it again.
Meanwhile
https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/albanese-warns-on-free-speech-over-morrison-plan-for-protests-20191103-p536z1.html
Its a pity Albanese added the qualifier. Gives room for attack. First principle. Defend the right to militant protest. After all its what they are doing in Hong Kong.
Its what they are doing in Chile. Its what they are doing in Lebanon
Its what they are doing in the UK
Its what they are doing in the US.
Its what they are doing in France.
The reason for the militancy has to be addressed.
The protests will grow louder and get more militant as those in power continue to ignore what the science is telling us. Labor’s role is not to support the government but to point out where its wrong.
Thats does not mean you have to be on the side of militancy and offering excuses right out of the box. Instead you should be saying the reasons for the militancy is what should be looked at.
A good example is Donsdale detention centre. The militancy of the inmates got 4 Corners attention.
The militancy resulted in a Royal Commission and the militancy of the state in treating the detainees was revealed to all and reviled across the country.
It was not the militancy that is the problem its the reason why people have to go on the streets to get those in power to listen to them.
When as has happened here on PB you dismiss the whole protest and give those in power the excuse to dismiss the protest because of militancy you are missing the point about the urgency the militancy represents.
The Franklin Dam blockade used exactly the same tactics that were used in the Adani Convoy and got exactly the same reaction as in Tasmania to the Franklin Dam. Since then we have seen more extreme militancy on our streets as the people in power continue to ignore the facts that science tells us. Yes that includes Labor that is giving all kinds of excuses for the increase of burning of coal.
The whole the people won’t vote for its is irrelevant for the simple reason the planet and physics don’t care. You either get with the facts or you face the rising tide.
Its the job of those that say they accept and understand the science to get the population on side. Not to attack those already fighting for more response from those in power to the facts science presents.
Confessions
Yep.
The problem for the Uighers started a while back but basically their Light Mobile Force was not up to defending the Uighers against the conventional Chinese forces and so they were incorporated into the Han Empire.
GG
That’s the point I was attempting to make the other day about the protestors.
It’s one to thing to demonstrate loudly and robustly, but quite another when you harass and spit on people going about their day.
It has not endeared them to the cause.
As I also mentioned previously, on the rallies I attended in past, the usual suspects from the socialist alliance group were always attempting to start a violent response.
They shit me.
jenauthor
I really hate all the personal aggro. It’s also excessively boring.
Boerwar
says:
Monday, November 4, 2019 at 9:29 am
Confessions
Yep.
The problem for the Uighers started a while back but basically their Light Mobile Force was not up to defending the Uighers against the conventional Chinese forces and so they were incorporated into the Han Empire.
_________
How unfortunate they don’t have an island continent with its population centres thousands of kilometres from another nation.
Also for Labor people that missed it. That attack on militancy gives the government excuse for framing of Unions protests as militant and unlawful.
Don’t do the Tories job for them.
Meanwhile the UK and USA nexus continues on its destined path. Fascinating times.
Grrr. ABC reporter talking of the “Princess Freeway” in Western Victoria.
frednk:
Your posts are not dissimilar to RI’s.
GG, Vic
The same thing happened to the Gilets Jaunes only much worse.
The systematic problem is that, by their very nature, protest groups tend to have poor disciplinary structures.
In short, they have major challenges managing themselves.
This makes it easy for ratbags to do bad stuff and it makes it easy for the reactionaries to paint the legitimate and well-behaved protesters as ratbags.
Mavis
says:
Monday, November 4, 2019 at 9:34 am
frednk:
Your posts are not dissimilar to RI’s.
______________________
frednk is the junior partner in the anti-Green coalition of the inane.
“Also, I also preference The Greens above just about everyone else in the Senate at every election bar HEMP & Animal Justice and I can’t see it changing because The Greens up here are nice people. Some a bit kooky, who I encounter at LEAN.”
***
Aww see? It’s not that hard is it? The Greens and Labor often disagree, and there’s nothing wrong with that at all. At least when we have arguments they’re usually civil and issues based, rather than the personal attacks that the far right stoop to. When it comes to the Coalition though, Labor should remember that “the enemy of my enemy is my friend”. The Greens provide an enormous amount of support to Labor when it comes to taking on the Coalition by way of preferences.
***
Now, as you come from the Ballina area, what do you think about Janelle Saffin? You can’t get much more Labor Left than her. And, yes, I know she represents Lismore.”
***
I’ve never met her but she seems like a nice lady. Came across well during Rudd vs Gillard from memory and refrained from mud-slinging. I’m glad we were able to help her get over the top of the Nats in Lismore. A good example of Greens voters helping the Labor candidate against the Coalition.
Boerwar @ #71 Monday, November 4th, 2019 – 9:26 am
Or, you could get off your high horse and realise that the question is a valid one pertaining to the reasonable expectation that, in this world, where one particular violently discriminated against minority might have seen fit to help another in any way they could. Also, I guess I could have asked whether the Bosnian Muslims, or Black South Africans have reached out to the Uighers. There’s plenty of genecides to choose from. It just seemed to me that the Jews suffered as egregiously, plus they are on the other side of the religious spectrum to the Muslim Uighers. No Anti Semitism, overt or covert, about it.
The status quo powers in Tasmania did not like Mainlanders telling them they needed to embrace equality with decriminalising homosexuality.
They did not like the militant protests against the Franklin Dam.
Stop using the Tories framing.
IF you are really Labor you have to say you see the issue as real. You do see that burning coal adds to the man made AGW or you don’t. Its that simple don’t let the Tories frame the issue by saying the militancy is wrong. Instead say its an understandable reaction to people ignoring the science that are in power.
Challenge the bastards stop accepting their framing on the issue.
‘nath says:
Monday, November 4, 2019 at 9:33 am
Boerwar
says:
Monday, November 4, 2019 at 9:29 am
Confessions
Yep.
The problem for the Uighers started a while back but basically their Light Mobile Force was not up to defending the Uighers against the conventional Chinese forces and so they were incorporated into the Han Empire.
_________
How unfortunate they don’t have an island continent with its population centres thousands of kilometres from another nation.’
Yes, but. Switzerland is not an island nation and it was bordered by a rampant military nation in WW2. The German decision making is worth having a look at in detail. Basically the Germans could have defeated Switzerland but decided that the cost in time, casualties and resources were not worth it.
We have tremendous natural advantages in relation to maintaining security. A policy of heavily-armed neutrality, in line with both Sweden and Switzerland, would be ideal. Both have gone centuries without war in one of the most warlike areas in the world. We could call it the Echidna Strategy. Leave us alone and you’re OK. Touch us and you will get badly spiked.
The Echidna Strategy would need to bolstered by active support for multi-lateral organisations that promote trade and coordinated approaches to global problems like global warming.
Vic:
Did you see the Rachel Maddow clip C@t posted yesterday? Goes into some interesting questions raised by a recent Washington Post article outlining how Team Trump have a history with trying to pressure Ukraine into getting the things they want.
Boerwar
Precisely.
The protests only served to divide, not unite. Hence they were counterproductive. Cos all that is being talked about is the police response people getting injured, property being damaged.
The actual concerns about the environment totally overlooked.
C
I suggest you read the relevant UN document.
https://thenewdaily.com.au/news/2019/10/21/paul-bongiorno-press-freedom/
Yes its worth reminding why the militancy is happening.
Humans can’t institutionalize freedom.
But they are quite handy at institutionalizing restrictions on freedom in the name of freedom.
Fess
I haven’t as yet. I am trying to keep ahead of all the latest developments in the UK and USA whilst attending to life. LOL!
There is so much going on at present.
I have to catch up and see which direction things are headed.
My current vibe re Trump, is that he is still sussing out his options for a deal. Ultimately all he cares about is money.
guytaur:
[‘The protests will grow louder and get more militant as those in power continue to ignore what the science is telling us.’]
Looking around the world, protests against established cliques, relying on fossil fuel donations, will become more militant until governments accept the overwhelming scientific evidence.
Boerwar
You can lay, commence, pursue, refer a complaint etc.
I am arguing in 6 weeks whether the National Health Law allows a complaint which should be referred to instead be prosecuted.
They mean different things – referral means inquiry which is an open ended process whereas prosecute means an adversarial process.
– – The problem for the Uighers started a while back – –
That place has seen marauders for a very long time – from east and west. It was even part of the Great Game. The shame of it is that the Uighurs*, even (or especially) under Chinese sovereignty but with autonomy, created a peaceful trading area in one of the most remote areas of the planet.
* along with the resident kyrgyz, tajiks, pashtuns, kazaks….
I really don’t think he’ll go of his own volition, and at this point anyways, there are no Republicans standing up to him, much less pressuring him to resign. They are all in with Captain Carnival Barker.
Boerwar
says:
Yes, but. Switzerland is not an island nation and it was bordered by a rampant military nation in WW2. The German decision making is worth having a look at in detail. Basically the Germans could have defeated Switzerland but decided that the cost in time, casualties and resources were not worth it.
_________________________________
Clearly the Germans didn’t apply the same analysis to the Soviet Union. 🙂
Confessions @ #96 Monday, November 4th, 2019 – 9:58 am
And if you watch this conversation with Never Trumper Joe Walsh and Brian Stelter, you can understand why he won’t go anywhere and how the protection racket for Trump works:
https://youtu.be/jiWRBYCDXnM
Shellbell
Thank you. Is there a specific meaning to agitating a complaint?